Panchagavya: Preparation, Uses, Dosage & Benefits in Organic Farming
FOR REFERENCE
Panchagavya is one of the most trusted and time-tested organic formulations used in Indian natural farming. Rooted in traditional agricultural wisdom, Panchagavya plays a vital role in improving crop growth, soil health, and pest resistance without the use of chemicals.
The word Panchagavya comes from Sanskrit:
- Pancha = Five
- Gavya = Products derived from cow
It is a fermented mixture prepared using five cow-based ingredients and is widely used across Tamil Nadu in organic and natural farming systems.
What is Panchagavya?
Panchagavya is a bio-stimulant, not a fertilizer in the chemical sense. It enhances plant metabolism, strengthens immunity, and supports beneficial microorganisms in soil and on plant surfaces.
It can be applied as:
- Foliar spray
- Soil drenching
- Seed treatment
Ingredients Required for Panchagavya
Core Ingredients (Five Cow Products)
- Fresh cow dung – 5 kg
- Cow urine – 3 litres
- Cow milk – 2 litres
- Cow curd – 2 litres
- Cow ghee – 1 litre
Optional Enhancers (Recommended)
- Ripe bananas – 12
- Tender coconut water – 3 litres
- Jaggery – 1 kg
Note: Indigenous cow products give best results.
Panchagavya Preparation Method (Step-by-Step)
Day 1–3
- Mix cow dung and cow ghee thoroughly in a plastic or mud container
- Stir well morning and evening
Day 4
- Add cow urine and cow milk
- Mix thoroughly
Day 5
- Add cow curd, mashed bananas, jaggery, and tender coconut water
- Stir well
Fermentation Period
- Keep the mixture in shade
- Stir twice daily (morning and evening)
- Allow fermentation for 15 days
After 15 days, Panchagavya is ready for use.
How Panchagavya Works
- Enhances beneficial microbial population
- Improves photosynthesis
- Strengthens plant immunity
- Improves flowering and fruit set
- Enhances nutrient uptake
Panchagavya Dosage & Application
Foliar Spray
- 3% solution (3 litres Panchagavya in 100 litres water)
- Spray early morning or late evening
- Repeat every 15 days
Soil Application
- 10–20 litres Panchagavya per acre
- Mix with irrigation water
Seed Treatment
- Soak seeds in 3% solution for 20–30 minutes
- Dry in shade before sowing
Crops Suitable for Panchagavya
- Paddy
- Millets
- Vegetables
- Fruit crops (banana, mango, coconut)
- Pulses and oilseeds
Benefits of Panchagavya
- Improves plant growth and yield
- Reduces pest and disease incidence
- Enhances soil fertility
- Improves crop quality and shelf life
- Reduces dependency on chemical fertilizers
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Using metal containers
- Skipping daily stirring
- Using contaminated water
- Applying under hot sun
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